S-Net for multi-memory multicores

Copyright ACM, 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Declarative Aspects of Multicore Programming: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1708046.1708054S-Net is a declarative coordination language and component technology aimed at modern multi-core/many-core architectures and systems-on-chip. It builds on the concept of stream processing to structure dynamically evolving networks of communicating asynchronous components. Components themselves are implemented using a conventional language suitable for the application domain. This two-level software architecture maintains a familiar sequential development environment for large parts of an application and offers a high-level declarative approach to component coordination. In this paper we present a conservative language extension for the placement of components and component networks in a multi-memory environment, i.e. architectures that associate individual compute cores or groups thereof with private memories. We describe a novel distributed runtime system layer that complements our existing multithreaded runtime system for shared memory multicores. Particular emphasis is put on efficient management of data communication. Last not least, we present preliminary experimental data

Oral hygiene effects verbal and nonverbal displays of confidence

Although oral hygiene is known to impact self-confidence and self-esteem, little is known about how it influences our interpersonal behavior. Using a wearable, multi-sensor device, we examined differences in consumers’ individual and interpersonal confidence after they had or had not brushed their teeth. Students (N = 140) completed nine one-to-one, 3-minute “speed dating” interactions while wearing a device that records verbal, nonverbal, and mimicry behavior. Half of the participants brushed their teeth using Close-Up toothpaste (Unilever) prior to the interactions, whilst the other half abstained from brushing that morning. Compared to those who had not brushed their teeth, participants who had brushed were more verbally confident (i.e., spoke louder, over-talked more), showed less nonverbal nervousness (i.e., fidgeted less), and were more often perceived as being “someone similar to me.” These effects were moderated by attractiveness but not by self-esteem or self-monitoring

Early and later timed cervical headgear treatment:a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Proper timing of orthodontic treatment is a continuous subject in orthodontic discussion. Particularly, it is debated whether early care is reasonable in Class II malocclusions. Cervical headgear (CH) is one of the commonly used orthodontic devices in early treatment of Class II malocclusion. Its dental and craniofacial effects are widely studied and well known. However, there are only a few longitudinal randomized controlled trials looking at the effect and timing of CH treatment in children with Class II malocclusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the dental, craniofacial and pharyngeal airway changes among children with a Class II malocclusion treated with CH when the timing of treatment is altered. A further aim was to study the effect of gender on the changes in outcomes. Sixty-seven seven-year-old children with Class II malocclusion were randomized in 1:1 ratio to two equal-sized groups. In the early group (EG), the CH treatment was started at the age of 7.8 years. In the late group (LG), the CH treatment was started at the age of 9.5 years. The active CH treatment was continued in both groups until normal Class I occlusion was achieved on permanent first molars. The data from participants were collected at the beginning of follow-up (T0), at the beginning of treatment of the LG (T1), and at the end of the treatment of the LG (T2). Fifty-six children completed the study. Changes in dental casts and cephalograms were considered as primary outcomes and changes in measurements were compared between groups and genders. There were timing and gender specific changes in dentofacial dimensions, but not in craniofacial structures. The dental arches were longer and wider after the early CH treatment, especially transversally among the EG males. This study supports the previous findings that CH treatment redirects the growth of the maxilla, and improves the sagittal relationship between the jaws. The mandible showed anterior growth rotation although the upper face height increased. In this study, the CH treatment did not cause adverse effects on pharyngeal airway structures.Tiivistelmä Oikomishoidon oikea ajoitus on jatkuva keskustelunaihe. Erityisesti keskustelua käydään siitä, onko varhainen oikomishoito perusteltua Angle II-luokan purentavirheiden hoidossa. Niskavetolaite on yksi yleisimmin käytetyistä oikomishoitolaitteista II-luokan purentavirheiden varhaishoidoissa. Niskavetohoidon vaikutukset hampaistoon ja kasvojen luustoon ovat laajalti tutkitut ja tunnetut. Kirjallisuudessa on kuitenkin vain muutamia pitkittäisiä, satunnaistettuja, kontrolloituja tutkimuksia, joissa tarkastellaan niskavetohoidon vaikutusta ja ajoitusta lapsilla, joilla on II-luokan purentavirhe. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tutkia hampaiston, kasvojen luuston ja nielun ilmateiden muutoksia niskavedolla hoidetuilla lapsilla, joilla oli II-luokan purentavirhe, kun hoidon ajoitusta muutetaan. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli tutkia sukupuolen vaikutusta hoitotuloksen muutoksiin. 67 7-vuotiasta lasta, joilla oli todettu II-luokan purentavirhe, satunnaistettiin suhteessa 1:1 kahteen samankokoiseen ryhmään. Varhaisemmassa hoitoryhmässä niskavetohoito aloitettiin 7,8 vuoden iässä. Myöhäisemmässä ryhmässä niskavetohoito aloitettiin 9,5-vuotiaana. Aktiivista niskavetohoitoa jatkettiin molemmissa ryhmissä, kunnes ensimmäiset pysyvät poskihampaat saatiin I-luokan purentasuhteeseen. Tiedot tutkimukseen osallistuneista kerättiin seurannan alussa (T0), myöhäisemmän ryhmän hoidon alussa (T1) ja myöhäisemmän ryhmän hoidon lopussa (T2). 56 lasta osallistui tutkimukseen loppuun asti. Kipsimalleista ja kefalometriakuvista todetut muutokset katsottiin ensisijaiseksi vasteeksi, ja mittausten muutoksia verrattiin ryhmien ja sukupuolten välillä. Hoidon ajoitus ja sukupuoli vaikuttivat hampaistollisiin muutoksiin, mutta eivät kasvojen luustollisiin muutoksiin. Hammaskaaret olivat varhaisen niskavetohoidon jälkeen pidempiä ja leveämpiä. Ero hammaskaarten leveydessä oli merkitsevä erityisesti varhain hoidetuilla pojilla. Tämä tutkimus tukee aikaisempia tutkimuksia, joiden mukaan niskavetohoito ohjaa yläleuan kasvua ja parantaa leukojen välistä sagittaalisuhdetta. Alaleuan kasvu noudatti sulkeutuvaa kasvusuuntaa, vaikka yläkasvokorkeus kasvoi. Tällä tutkimuksella ei voitu osoittaa, että niskavetohoidolla olisi haitallisia vaikutuksia nielun ilmateiden rakenteisiin

Distributed S-Net: design and implementation

S-Net is a declarative coordination language and component technology aimed at modern multi-core/many-core architectures and systems-on-chip. It builds on the concept of stream processing to structure networks of communicating asynchronous components, which can be implemented using a conventional (sequential) language. In this paper we present Distributed S-Net, a conservative language extension for placement of components and component networks in distributed memory environments from compute clusters to wide-area grids. We further describe a novel distributed runtime system layer that complements the existing multithreaded runtime system for smaller shared memory multiprocessor and multicore machines. Particular emphasis is put on efficient management of data communication. Last not least, we present very preliminary experimental data

Airway and hard tissue dimensions in children treated with early and later timed cervical headgear:a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background: A Kloehn-type cervical headgear (CH) aims to correct skeletal jaw discrepancy in Class II children. A few studies have reported CH treatment effects on airway dimensions, but none of them have been randomized according to timing. Objectives: To evaluate related craniofacial structures and pharyngeal airway dimensions in children with a Class II occlusion treated with CH and randomized into early and late treatment groups. Trial design: Randomized, parallel-group, prospective controlled trial. Methods: The material comprised 67 seven-year-old children with a Class II occlusion. Sealed-envelope randomization in 1:1 ratio was used to divide the children into two equal groups. In the early group (EG, n = 33), CH treatment was started immediately or after eruption of the first maxillary molars. In the second, late group (LG, n = 34), the active CH treatment was started about one and half year later. The active CH treatment was continued in both groups until normal Class I occlusion on first molars was achieved. Cephalometric radiographs were taken from both groups at the beginning of follow-up (T0), at the beginning of CH treatment of the second group (T1), and at the end of CH treatment of the second group (T2). Changes in cephalometric measurements were used as primary outcomes. Blinding was applicable for outcome assessment. Results: Fifty-six children completed the study. The posterior change in the position of the maxilla was significant for early treatment males at T0–T1 (SNA; P < 0.001, ANB; P = 0.009) and T0–T2 (SNA; P = 0.012). The palato-mandibular angle (PL-ML) decreased during T0–T1 in early treatment females (P = 0.018) and early treatment males (P = 0.037). The retroglossal airway increased (P = 0.010) in early treatment males at T0–T1. Highly significant positive correlations (P < 0.001) between skeletal and upper airway dimensions during early CH treatment were found in males. No harms were encountered. Conclusions: Despite the effective CH treatment, no harmful upper airway changes were found. Clinical registration: NCT02010346

Securing public safety communications on commercial and tactical 5G networks:a survey and future research directions

Abstract The forthcoming communication networks for public safety authorities rely on the fifth generation (5G) of mobile networking technologies. Police officers, paramedics, border guards, as well as fire and rescue personnel, will connect through commercial operator’s access network and rapidly deployable tactical bubbles. This transition from closed and dedicated infrastructure to hybrid architecture will expand the threat surface and expose mission-critical applications and sensitive information to cyber and physical adversaries. We explore and survey security architecture and enablers for prioritized public safety communication in 5G networks. We identify security threat scenarios and analyze enabling vulnerabilities, threat actors, attacks vectors, as well as risk levels. Security enablers are surveyed for tactical access and core networks, commercial infrastructure, and mission-critical applications, starting from push-to-talk and group video communication and leading to situational-awareness and remote-controlled systems. Two solutions are trialed and described in more detail: remote attestation enhanced access control for constrained devices, and securing of satellite backhauls. We also discuss future research directions highlighting the need for enablers to automate security of rapid deployments, for military-grade cost-effective customizations of commercial network services to ensure robustness, and for hardening of various types of public safety equipment